93MotorsAndGenerators

Electricity is a convenient and flexible form of energy. It can be generated and distributed with comparative ease, and most importantly, it can be readily converted into other forms of energy such as heat, light, sound or mechanical energy. Electricity is a key element in the development of industrialised nations. There are many examples of electric motors both around the home: refrigerators; washing machines; vacuum cleaners; and in the community: industrial motors and trains. The design of a motor for an electrical appliance requires consideration of whether it will run at a set speed, how much power it must supply, whether it will be powered by AC or DC and what reliability is required. The essentials of an electric motor are the supply of electrical energy to a coil in a magnetic field causing it to rotate. The generation of large quantities of electrical power requires relative motion between a magnetic field and a coil. In the generator, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy while the opposite occurs in the electric motor. Once generated, electricity must be distributed over long distances from the power station to cities and towns. Transmission lines carry the electrical energy at a high voltage from the generator and transformers eventually reduce the voltage to that required by the consumer. The electricity produced by most generators is in the form of alternating current. In general AC generators, motors and other electrical equipment are simpler, cheaper and more reliable than their DC counterparts. AC electricity can be easily transformed into higher or lower voltages making it more versatile than DC electricity. Since the frequency of AC electricity can be precisely controlled, it is used in motors that require accurate speed, such as clocks and tape recorders. Please ensure that the permission of the author(s) have been obtained. || Teaching program || || || Student Module Notes || ||
 * 9.3 Motors and Generators (30 indicative hours) **
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